Public Finance as the study of income Essay

Public FinanceIntroductionAccording to Hyman, 2010, the term public finance is defined as the study of how the government through rationing the use of government goods and services and funding their resource costs affects price incentives, production possibilities, and resource utilization. In the case, the author implies that the public finance sector is wholly identified as government related, and the private sector has very little influence on its activities. Chand, 2008, defines public finance as the study of income, debt, and expenditure of the government. He then goes ahead and gives the main difference with the term private investment; that unlike focusing on the government, private funding is for an individual or institution. The study of public finance also incorporates the analysis of the various fiscal and economic policies that the government comes up with to deal with the debts taken. Therefore, the definitions by Hyman, 2010, and Chand, 2008, are in harmony with each other. In Bhatia, 2009, Public Finance is defined as the subject that discusses financial operations of the government treasury. Bhatia, 2009, offers a comprehensive definition of the term public finance by first explaining the concept of public and private goods. In this angle, he is, therefore, able to formulate a definition that allows the reader to see the rationale of public sector economics. The role of the government in the public finance sector is also said to be regulatory; being termed as the invisible hand of market forces. The author, therefore, builds up the decision logically and therefore easily comprehendible. Kennedy, 2012, offers a different approach towards the definition of public finance. Instead of coming up with her definition of the subject, she quotes existing definitions that accurately meet the demands of the reader. The most comprehensive is that of Dalton, that states that public finance is concerned with the expenditure and income processes of public authorities and the adjustment of one to the other. In total, the author summarizes the definitions and terms public finance as the activity concerned with the explanation of how governments collect revenue, incur expenditure and the administration of the tax expenditure process CITATION MMa12 l 1033 (Kennedy, 2012). References BIBLIOGRAPHY Bhatia, H. L. (2009). Public Finance. New Delhi: Vikas Publishing House Pvt . Chand, S. (2008). Public Finance, Volume 1. Delhi: Atlantic Publishers & Dist. Hyman, D. (2010). Public Finance. Boston, Massachussets: Cengage Learning. Kennedy, M. M. (2012). Public Finance. New Delhi: PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd. Source document

Culture and Literature Essay

Humans are generally described as unique, not one of us are ever exactly the same to another person. If we put a little logic, unique individuals make up societies, thus societies are also somehow unique to each other. Uniqueness is commonly regarded as a positive trait simply because it makes something interesting. In many respects, the societies of the world would never run out of interesting things to share with each other. And among these interesting things, stories are seemingly the medium of communication that is enjoyed by all cultures. Moreover, listening to stories of a different culture make us learn something about that particular culture. This paper will feature the Chinese classic story â€Å"Journey to the West† by Wu Cheng-en. The story is about an epic adventure of a monkey with superhuman strength able to withstand the 100,000-man army of the heavens. However, the monkey uses his superhuman strength for mischievous acts. As a punishment, Buddha had put a mountain on top of him. After so many years, the monkey fatefully meets a monk. The story teaches us how the Chinese views the aspects of loyalty, responsibility, spirituality, and many other aspects about the Chinese culture. Other cultures could learn many lessons from this Chinese classic such as discipline. Since the monkey was still behaving wildly even though he is freed, the monk had put a headband spell that would contract each time the monkey would act in an undisciplined manner. (Cheng-en 342) All in all â€Å"Journey to the West† by Wu Cheng-en is an action packed epic adventure that is also packed with valuable lessons. It could also be said that he popularity of this particular story had introduced China to the western world. In many respects, this classic of literature is China’s gift to the world that the country is proud and willing to share with other cultures. Work Cited Cheng-en, Wu. Monkey: Folk Novel of China. TN: Grove Press. 1958

Orange_Electronic_Company Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Orange_Electronic_Company - Essay Example In analyzing the environment, the orange company limited needs to know both its internal and external environment that relates to their business. An efficient tool for carrying out an environmental analysis is the PEST tools which looks at the Political, Economic, Socio-cultural, and Technological tool. It looks at how these aspects affect the company’s business directly or indirectly. This aspect forms the macro environment of a company. To examine the political factors, a study must be conducted to look at the various regulations and codes imposed on various industrial sectors that may affect negatively or positively the organization. Other political, environmental aspects are political stability, market regulations and taxes in a particular country of establishment (Hepburn, 122). Economic factors are analyzed by evaluating both national and international economic rules that might have an impact on the market. Sociocultural factors include the culture of a place within the market and how it has an affects the market. For instance, restrictive cultures have a negative impact compared to open cultures which have more benefits. Lastly, technology is an important aspect to look at as the development in technology will enable an organization to flow with new developments as they arise. The microenvironment is the internal factors that the organization can control to suit their needs. The internal environment consists of customers, suppliers, employees, competitors, shareholders, and the media. The company can adjust its services in a way that all these aspects will enable their business become successful. For instance, the company can manufacture products that meet the needs and wants of their customers to retain and attract customers. Competitors will affect the plan, as price adjustment will be necessary to suit the demand curve. The employees must be few at the beginning to cover the initial

Every nurse is a leader 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Every nurse is a leader 2 - Essay Example The third advocacy strategy involves consulting and building relationships. For any successful change process, the consultation process must be open and free from conditions. This would encourage the subordinates to support the change process. For instance, bringing a change in a rehab nursing home would involve the managers, employees, clients, and even donors. Consultations and building of relationships plays a significant role in reducing the level of resistance (Paton & McCalman,  2008). The other strategy involves training the employees and informing of them on the change process and the benefits it will bring in the working environment. This strategy aims at identifying the allies and opponents of the change process. Therefore, the opponents are explained to the importance of the change process (Hughes, 2006). On the other hand, the rest of the employees are enlightened on how to take advantage of the change process. Once this is done, the implementation of the change process is undertaken. Any issue that arises is addressed in order to avoid any

Anything related to Munich or Nuremberg Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Anything related to Munich or Nuremberg - Essay Example The city is alleged to be instituted by Benedictine, a monk, in 1158. The post administrative structure of Munich has been autonomous in leadership divisions, and consultative decisions must be made. Leaders are picked through anindependent legal system for a duration implemented by the constitution, normally four years. This was after war waged by the Americans and later revealed that supremacyis intended for the locals (Stolleis 2004). Nazis movements organised and controlled the better part of Munchin and Germany as a whole for the period of the first world war. (Kopleck 2006)explains thatthemovement formed was anextremist, who were racists and anti-communists. Its presencewas to forcepopulaces to be nationalists, rather than socialists. The associationprohibited democracy as it assumed it profited the jew. Munich through the denunciation of this association fought against it escalating to its territory.It wasbombarded with bombs and heavy loss was gathered (Kopleck 2006). However, it waslater restored andsalvaged its splendour after the close of the second world confrontation, and the resignation of Hitler. Munich is a traditionalist township, (Hendriks 1999)and has remainedgoverned byonly SDP Party since the second world hostilities, conceding just once to the opposition, CSU. The present-day mayor is Christian Ude from the SDP party, who has reigned since 2008 (Munich Sister City Association of Greater Cincinnati 2009). Munchen is celebrates historic events which has led to whittling the political structure of the contemporaryregime. The administrative and statutorysystem areadopted into command by a prevalent party which rarely loses its approval. The inhabitants are known to be very conformist and their optimal choice of leaders is determined by their choice of political party3. Its political thinking was grounded in Aristotle’s viewpoint, which stressed on morals and coherent thinking.They Maintained

Global warming and the blame game Research Paper

Global warming and the blame game - Research Paper Example The major blaming debate is whether global warming is majorly accelerated by the developed countries or developing countries. It is for sure known that the problem comes from both sides of the world but determining the greatest accelerators still remains a debate in the global environment arena. To discuss this paper, the major objective is to determine whether the developed countries are the major accelerators of global warming. This leads to the discussion question, Is global warming mostly accelerated by the developed countries? The thesis that will help find the answer to this question will be: The developed nations majorly cause global warming. To support this claim, the paper discusses the various activities in developed countries that might cause global warming. One of the major causes of global warming is the emission of greenhouse gases especially Carbon dioxide (CO2) due to the huge coal burning power plants and many industries. The developed countries are the greatest emitters of these gases. The data collected from 1900 to 2004 indicates that the United States of America produced carbon dioxide that amounted to 314,772 million metric tons (The World Bank 3). Germany also produced three times as much as China that only produced 89,243 million metric tons. The World Bank report added that it is important to note that these gases stay in the atmosphere for centuries; it can take more than 30 years to remove 50% of the emissions (5). This led to increased global temperature from back in 1800s to date. The graph below shows the gradual increase in the global temperature between 1880 and 2010. Developed countries are also the greatest consumers of the environmental resources. U.S, Canada, Europe and many more nations being with less population compared to developing countries, are the greatest consumers of environmental resources such as trees, raw materials for manufacturing and in turn has led to increased

MGT599 MoD 2 SLP Assignment External Environment Analysis Essay

MGT599 MoD 2 SLP Assignment External Environment Analysis - Essay Example Furthermore, Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP) regulations are also introduced by the Food Standard Agency in order to safeguard the food products through proper analysis and evaluation of biological, chemical and physical risk arising at the time of developing or manufacturing it (Food Standard Agency, 2011a). This law is introduced in order to protect the food product from procurement of appropriate raw materials, handling, manufacturing and ultimately selling or consumption, by target customers. Therefore, by procuring proper raw materials, high quality of ingredients might be offered to the customers, so as to reduce the intensity of obesity or any other harmful disorder. This regulation acts as an opportunity for the Kraft food group as it might prove effective in attracting a wide range of customers towards the brand. By improvement in the range of customers, the profitability and brand value of the Kraft food group may get amplified in the market among other rival players. Economic: The economic factors such as consumer spending, disposable income, inflation, unemployment etc might offer significant impact over the organization offering food products. The recent economic downturn of 2007-2008 created considerable changes over the food retail industry. This crisis also offers negative impact over the buying behavior of the customer, due to lack of disposable income. As the rate of unemployment increases; the rate of per capita income of the customers decreases significantly and so their buying behavior also gets hindered significantly (Mintel Group Ltd, 2009). Therefore, due to reduction of the buying behavior, the rate of total sale and profitability of the organization reduces that hinders its total revenue and market share. Thus, such type of economic impacts acts as a threat for the Kraft food group as it decreased its total sale and profitability in the

Using a chosen organisation, identify how the role of PR contributes Essay

Using a chosen organisation, identify how the role of PR contributes to the achievements of the organisations corporate mission and objectives - Essay Example These challenges have resulted in bad publicity for the company, which is the last thing it needs as it tries to forge ahead with its objectives. This is where PR comes in. Google’s PR policy, developed and implemented by some of the most dynamic practitioners in the US, has been influential in countering the negative press generated by its legal and ethical problems. The company’s PR policy is designed to encourage closer and more personalised interactions with its customers. For example, its Gmail service has been used in recent years to emphasise its understanding of users’ needs and habits. Google has, in recent years, started sponsoring charities and actively participating in CSR initiatives that generate positive publicity and counter the negative press created by its ethical and legal problems (Moore, 2014:34). In Africa, for example, the company is collaborating with local start-ups and NGOs to improve various conditions. Finally, Google’s PR policy has portrayed it as transparent and sustainable; probably the most sustainable technology company in the world. Although this may not be necessarily true, it resonates with customers and capitalises on the current clamour for and attractiveness of sustainability and longevity in the corporate world (Moore, 2014:36). In the duration of this coursework, I have learned that PR is more than just about publicity. In fact, I have learned that the notion that PR equals publicity ended in the beginning of the 21st century. Currently, PR is a wide field that comprises many different disciplines and plays a role at all levels of society and government. I have also learned that PR starts with me. We engage, many times, in PR-related activities without our knowledge. For example, the way we relate to each other is a case of good or bad PR, and it defines our approaches to the subject as we become more experienced (Moore, 2014:39). In practising PR, I have adopted a

Analysis of important issues to consider when choosing a technology to Article

Analysis of important issues to consider when choosing a technology to use - Article Example n matters such as interoperability, storage resource manual oversight and particular storage resources over or under utilization (software-defined storage). Additionally, the software that supports software defined storage environments posses other functionalities like replication, deduplication, snapshot, thin provisioning and many other restore and backup capabilities that function on a wise range server hardware devices. The most important benefit users find in software-defined storage is the increased flexibility, cost efficiency and automated management. However, individuals wishing to gain the most from this technology will still find difficulties when it comes to selecting the most appropriate technology on this field. The following work detail the key factors that should be considered when choosing one technology over another The first requirement for an ideal Software Defined Storage technology is speed. Here, the technology should allow the storage functionality to open every other time a user wishes to make use of it. If staffs are going to make the database their daily operation area where recording of their key relationship is made, then an ideal Software-Defined Storage technology must be quick to open and use. For cases where a web interface is employed, such an interface needs to be engineered properly to reduce roundtrips to the server. Performance is the next consideration. Performance is an indication of the responsiveness of a system to execute specific actions in a given time interval. It can be measured in terms of latency or throughput. Latency is the time taken to respond to any event. Throughput is the number of events that take place in a given amount of time. An application’s performance can directly affect its scalability, and lack of scalability can affect performance. Improving an application’s performance often improves its scalability by reducing the likelihood of contention for shared resources. Factors affecting system

PowerPoint Presentation Analysis Essay Example for Free

PowerPoint Presentation Analysis Essay Identify Turbo Centre is the company that I am working for. It has newly been set up in Romford. Since Turbo Centre is a not a very renowned company in this area, so therefore has very limited customers. Due to this lack of customers Turbo Centre is in danger of closing down, as their business has not taken off as predicted. This is because it is a newly formed company in this area, so therefore is not very well established at this present time. Turbo Centre is a company which sells prestige cars. The company has few branches across the UK some of these branches are located in Manchester, Birmingham and are well established in those cities. The managing director of Turbo Centre now wants to expand his company in to London. Turbo Centre sells a wide range of cars, varying in price à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½20000 to à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½80000+. The company specialises in Elite cars, 4X4s and super cars, and these cars range form Subaru to Ferrari. The company site is very large, the show room itself holds 50 top of the range prestige cars, which are displayed across two floors. On site each day turbo centre has 5 sales men, 2 customer service and 3 cleaners. Also on site each day is the managing director of the business, whom is trying to ensure his newly opened branch in Romford runs smoothly and efficiently. I have been hired by the managing director Mr Smith, to help him bring his company to success by the use of advertising. Mr Smith hopes that the advertising material that will be produced will be the solution to the current lack of custom he is facing with his new branch. The following satellite map shows the location of the business: User Requirements * Mr Smith wants the advertising material to be aimed at middle class/ wealthy people whom are interested in buying prestige cars. * Mr Smith wants his advertisements to be manly aimed at the male gender. This is because, Mr Smiths research indicates that the male genders is on average more interested in buying high priced prestige cars than females. * Mr Smiths research also indicates that high priced prestige cars mainly appeal to the male gender aged between 23 35 years. * Mr Smith from experience of advertising his other branches has come to see that advertising within a 10 mile radius of the company site attracts a wide range of customers. * Mr Smith has also seen from experience of advertising his other branched that placing a special offer on the advertisements draws more customer, as many people are attracted by a special offer. * Mr Smith has also seen from experience of producing adverting material for his branches and from feed back from customers of his other branches, that placing a map on some of the advertisement is good, because the area may not be know to someone travelling to the company from 10 miles away, so the map shows nearby land marks. * Mr Smith also wants a new logo to be created. This is because he feels that a new company image will be more suited for the surrounding area of his new branch. * Mr Smith wants the advertising materials to be produced and allocated within the budget of à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½100,000. However Mr Smith has informed me that if this budget is exceeded he is willing to pay the access amount. Adequate Solutions In order to for fill the end users requirements, I will have to create a wide range of advertising material. Now that I have a full understanding of Mr Smiths requiems, I suggest that the most suitable advertising materials for his needs would be: * Flyer the advantage of using this method of advertising is that it can be mass produced, it can be sent to a wide range of people and also hold relevant information based on the business, which includes all cooperate information such as company name, logo and colour scheme etc. A disadvantage of producing this type of advertisement is that some people will regard this flyer to be junk mail, so litter it on the street resulting in increasing environmental problems. * Brochure the advantage of using this method of advertising is that is that it puts across specific information about the product to the customer directly. Also contains more information than a flyer. However this form of advertisement is more expensive to produce. * Business Card the advantage of using this method of advertising is that is that it puts across the location and contact information of the company. Also business card are not very big so therefore can be carried by the customer and shown to others. * I will also extend my project by creating a new Logo for Turbo Centre. I am creating this new company logo; as Mr Smith feels that a new company image will be more suited for the surrounding area of his new branch. He hopes the new logo will create a fresh and positive image for the business. Quantitative Objective In order to ensure the advertising materials produced is having a positive affect on our target audience; we will produce sample advertising materials with which we can test the materials are working. We will be able to see this from the response from the amount of customers we receive, whether the materials are working or not. These measures will be made using the following: * One way in which we can test this is by placing special offers regarding products, either on the flyers, or brochure. The customer will have to bring in either the flyer, or brochure to purchase what has been advertised (the special offer). If we see that the customers are bring in the flyers, or brochure we will know that our advertising is having a positive affect. * Also we can measure the success of our advertising materials by placing the words Come in store for more details. We will know that the customer has seen the advertisement as they will enquire for more details referring to the offer advertised. * Similarly, we can advertise something Free on the brochure; in the same way we will know customers have previously seen the brochure advertisement, as they will enquire as to what the free product is which is advertised. From what the customer enquires about, we will know what form of advertisement they have seen. Then we will be able to record this data into a excel graph throughout the year, in order see when in the year the advertising materials were most affective. Also we will be able to see from the graph what form of advertising material was most successful. The following spider diagram shows the way in which a mail-merge and a logo would link together. Also from this spider diagram we can see how the special offers could be placed on a mail merge according to the car the customer has purchased. From this we could measure the success of the given advertising material. This would prove a good way of measuring the success of mail-merge, as customers could bring in there mailed letter to receive there special offer. I have created this spider diagram for Mr Smith to keep as a temperate for when he is to start a mail- merge. The next spider diagram, will illustrate the way in which the logo will link together with each type of advertising material, which is going to be produced. These advertising materials include flyer/leaflet, brochure, yellow page advert and finally a bill board poster. Other ways in which my material could be produced There are several ways in which advertising material could be produced for Turbo City. Other forms of advertising which can be used include a web site, Power point, slide show, video, sound recording, radio advertising, Television advertising, hand drawn advertisement and call centre etc. However some of these other forms of advertising have disadvantages such as: * Web site this form of advertising can only be viewed by people who have access to a computer. In the case of someone who does not have access to a computer they would no have access of viewing the web page. Also even those with access may not see the advertisement as they may not know the web page address. * Yellow Page advert The disadvantage of this form of advertising is that many competitors from the motoring industry also advertise in the yellow pages. Also advertisements which are placed in the yellow pages are limited to a yellow background, and also text must be printed in black ink, so therefore the advertisement will not appear very eye catching. * Bill Board Poster This would be a good form of advertising for Mr Smith as a Bill Board holds the main cooperate information about the business such as company name, telephone number and address. The disadvantage of this form of advertising is that it is expensive to display and maintain. * Radio advertising this form of advertising has the disadvantage that the advertisement will only be herd by the people that listen to the radio station that it is aired on. Also even the people that listen to the radio station that the advertisement is aired on could miss the advertisement as it may be played at a time were the target audience may not be listening. * Television Similarly with this form of advertisement, it will only be seen by the people viewing the channel it is aired on. Also could be missed due to the time it is aired. * Mail-Merge the advantage of this form of advertising is that it is quick and easy to produce as it follows one lay out, which can be sent to many people. A disadvantage of this form of advertising is that it can only be sent to current customers of the company. (People who have already purchased a car from the company.) However, I will not yet be creating a mail merge. As at this early stage of the business there are limited customers, so therefore a mail- merge is not required. * Advertisement printed on company car the company could also have an advertisement on one of there company cars. This form of advertising again would only be seen by people that see the car. * Hand drawn advertisement this form of advertising is not very professional, so therefore may not appeal to some customers as they may feel that the company is unprofessional. Also this form of advertising is time consuming and also will not be identical. Can only be produced to batch production (50-100 copies). In the case of advertising for Turbo Centre, printed publication would be more appropriate, as it is easier to view and a computer is not required to view the advertisement.

The complex nature of human relationships

The complex nature of human relationships Introduction Human relationships are complex in their nature. People coexist with each other in the world where conflict and differences in their lives occur and learning how to effectively manage those problems can have a great impact on the quality of the relationshipe. Conflicts gives people the opporunity to find the appropriate decisions and finding ways to find a solution to the problemswith minimal negative events. That is why, the issue of marital counseling is worth emphasizing (Cook, 29-67). In other words, marriage, is the unity of a man and a woman and unresolved conflict situations have an impact on marital satisfaction and longevity. It also directly impacts the quality of the relationship, but also on the overall satfisifcation of eac partner that is in the relationship. The aim of the present paper is to identify the notion of marriage, conflict, satisfaction, longevity, and find out the relationship between these concepts. The urgency of the paper is determined by globalized way of human relationships that has changed human life which is observed through the role of marriage, the way of coping with difficulties and longevity on the whole. Marriage and Conflict The definition of marriage can change from person to person, that is why its vital to select a defitition that the majority of the population will agree on. The term marriage is a mutual desire of a man and a woman to compose a family (Lewis, 54).. The unity of people in a family causes new types of relationships in which the members of that family develop coping skills to interact with eachother. At this point is where it can lead to different in opnions and differences in the way conflict is handled, Conflict happens. Every couple argues and stresses out (Lewis, 63). In order to understand their role on longevity, it is important to give a definition to the term conflict and its impact on longevity. There are various definitions of conflict, but they all emphasize the existence of contradictions, which take on the form of disagreement. This is the point in the relationship were positive outcomes can happen or negative interactions can set the relationship back.. Conflicts can be hidden or obvious, but their basis always lies in the lack of consent. Therefore, the conflict is defined as the absence of agreement between two or more parties individuals or groups. The lack of agreement is due to the presence of a variety of opinions, views, ideas, interests, and viewopints. It is important to remember when discussing conflict resolution that the couple be able to see both sides of the argument, no just from their viewpoint. This happens only when the existing contradictions and differences disrupt the interaction of people, and disrupt the advancement of goals for the couple. In this case, people simply are forced into a situation that they try to overcome their differences and enter into open conflict interaction. If conflicts contribute to informed decision-making process and development of relationships, then they are called functional. The conflicts that impede effective communication and decision-making process are called dysfunctional. It is necessary to be able to analyze conflicts, understand their causes and possible consequences. When a couple struggles with finding a healthy way to communicate and find a ways of ending the conflict it can have greater consequences for future problems. Conflict usually arises in the process of emotional convergence of spouses, especially when one or both of them violate personal boundaries of a partner without visible intention. This is one reason why it is important at the start of the relationship that both couples are aware of the boundaries and limitations of the other person. When these boundaries are not seen or when a person oversteps these boundaries conflict will arise. Then the conflict allows couples to increase the distance away from each other for a definite period. Conflicts in family are caused by inadequate and conflicting family-marriage expectations and perceptions. The most common myth is that one partner expects to see the other as an attachement of themselves, going everywhere together, not having any free time for oneself This expectation may be contrary to the interests of a partner who wants to realize his or her personal aspirations and interests and that type of expectation would would damper the relationship and would restrict the freedom and opportunities for development and fulfillment of both partners. Spouses need to understand whether they can accept each other as they are, take with respect to the views of partner and his or her traditions, which he or she brought from the parent family, without any attempt to alter partners behavior and attitude for other views and expectations of another partner. The majority of marital conflicts that occur frequently have hidden purpose, that is, the struggle for leadership. Signs of the struggle for leadership in marriage are the following ones: 1. conflict arises out of nowhere, literally out of nothing; 2. conflicts occur frequently on the basis of different issues; 3. both spouses are older children in their families, wife is the eldest child in her parental family, or her husband is younger. It is possible that in such types of families the leading position is occupies by parents of a couple; 4. conflicts occur with increasing frequency over definite period, and they are accompanied by accusations, or even insults, and the period of rest in the family is declining. There are no winners in these conflicts. Both spouses are characterized by low self-esteem. Crises and conflicts are normal for the family as a developing system. Crises may be associated with certain life-cycle of the family, such as marriage and the need to separate from their parents, birth, adolescence of a child, the separation of children from their parents and the last the death of a spouse. All people are sometimes in conflict. All people are arguing. This is necessary, because conflicts generate liability and resoluteness. This means that people are not indifferent to the problem and each other. If a conflict is recognized and understood, if the parties are prepared to resolve it, so that both sides have won, then such a conflict leads to the renewal of relationships and improves communication. If conflicts are frequent and sharp, a family went through a period of crisis in the marriage. It is necessary to allocate crises stages of marriage (years, three years, seven years, adolescent), as well as crises, based on a stressful family circumstances (adultery, death of relatives, loss of a spouse, etc.). The crisis is a test of the family for strength of their relationships. Many problems can be avoided if to know how to resolve them. Fortunately, some steps are made in the present paper. Thus, many problems can be solved if sincerely want this and be prepared for them. Conflicts in the family can create mental environment for the spouses, their children, parents, as the result of which they acquire a number of negative traits of personality (Pitt-Catsouphes et al. 2006). A conflict family is characterized by the establishment of negative experiences, lost faith in the possibility of the existence of friendly and affectionate relationships between people, accumulation of negative emotions that lead to psycho-trauma. Psycho-traumas are often manifested in the form of experiences, which, because of severity, duration or frequency strongly influence personality. It is necessary to distinguish such traumatic experiences as a state of total dissatisfaction with the family, family anxiety, neuro-psychic tension and condition of guilt. The condition of a full family dissatisfaction arises because of conflict situations where there is a noticeable discrepancy between the expectations of the individual to the family and real life. It is expressed in boredom, colorless of life, the absence of joy and nostalgic memories of the time before marriage, complaints to the surrounding people concerning the difficulties of family life. Accumulating from conflict to conflict, this dissatisfaction is expressed in emotional explosions and hysterics. Family anxiety often appears after a major family conflict. Signs of anxiety are doubts, fears, and concerns, related primarily to the actions of other family members. Mental stress is one of the major traumatic experiences. It arises because of 1. creating constant psychological pressure, a difficult or even hopeless situation for the spouse; 2. creating the obstacles for the manifestation of spouses major feelings and satisfaction of needs; 3. creating a situation of constant internal conflict in the spouse. Mental stress is manifested through irritability, bad mood, sleep disorders, rage. Condition of guilt depends on the personal characteristics of the spouse. The person feels a hindrance to others, guilty of any conflict, quarrels and failures, he/she tends to perceive the relationship of other family members as accused and blaming to himself/herself despite the fact that in reality they are not such. Relationships in Marriage The increased interest in family and marriage is due to a number of reasons. One third of all marriages is unviable. The issue of strengthening marriage and the improvement of marital structure of the population is of overriding public importance in connection with the problem of fertility. Addressing such issues is impossible without studying the mechanisms of family relationships. Socio-psychological climate in the family determines the stability of these relations, it has a decisive influence on the development of both children and adults. The psychological climate of the family is not something unchangeable, given once and for all. It was created by members of each family and their efforts depend on how it will be, a favorable or unfavorable. Every single person is a personality, unique and unrepeatable, with her worldview, which affects the establishment of mutually satisfactory relationships. Modern marriage is based on the compatibility of modern humans as individuals. Satisfaction with marriage is the main parameter characterizing the conjugal relationship. Definition of happy marriage is the following one: both husband and wife share the view that they are found or reached the golden mean or special universal balance in individual needs, desires and expectations, balance sheet, which they consider a unique and probably irreplaceable. This feeling of the golden mean, is achieved by joint efforts, and it is created thanks to creativity and it is developed by a married couple in the process of moving, ever-changing interactions within the family. It has many sources: the values shared by both spouses, when the importance of marital relations is recognized, and their marriage they believe exactly as they wanted to create. This balance incorporates experience of childhood and adolescence, and especially it is fueled by powerful unconscious transformations, hopes, fears and fantasies that each person brings to the marriage. The balance is based on the realities of present and past both within the family and social environments surrounding it. It is also created due to the ability to emotional maturation, the growth of individual consciousness, and the same ability to more deeply understand a partner and show empathy. And it is always an ongoing creative process which is discussed in terms of psychological problems that should be solved in a marriage. The essence of this concept lies in the fact that it is the totality of these problems compose the basic problem of human interaction in the family; they need to be addressed in family couple throughout their lives, otherwise the marriage is counter-productive and is in danger of collapse. It is this basic context, including the power and flexibility of family union, created by two persons, distinguishes a marriage that satisfies both partners. The special emphasis deserves the issue that shown the necessity to detach oneself emotionally from the family of childhood in order to be able to fully invest the strength and feeling in their marital union, but at the same time, overestimate the possible points of contact with both parents families. Moreover, the dependence of a husband on the parents is more important and more likely to lead to problems than the affection of his wife to her parents. Under the emotional department, the study considers the absence of an exaggerated sense of guilt, mistrust, anxiety, responsibility, resentment and anger from both spouses in relation to their mothers. The degree of adaptation to the new family life of a wife largely depends on the degree of independence of a husband from his parents. Marital satisfaction can be achieved through implementation of several items: 1. Creation of a full and happy sexual relationship and their protection from intrusions from the liabilities associated with the implementation of household and other works. 2. Combining efforts, involving the frightening obligations in connection with the birth of the child, the ability to survive in a dramatic appearance of a baby in the family, and protecting individual rights and the proximity of the couple. 3. The ability to withstand and overcome the inevitable crises of life, maintain the power of family ties in the face of adverse circumstances. 4. Creating a safe space within the family in order to express and resolve differences, anger and conflict. 5. Use laughter and humor in clarifying the true state of affairs, and also avoid boredom and alienation. 6. Providi ng the conditions of care and comfort for a partner, as well as meeting the continuing need of a partner in getting emotional and other types of support. 7. Saving of the romantic, idealized notions of love when they met the sobering realities encountered on the path of life. Unresolved Marital Conflicts and Longevity Chapman (2007) writes that Unresolved conflict in a marriage can also be a source of defensiveness. If we have not resolved our differences, we feel somewhat estranged from each other and are therefore more vulnerable to being defensive. Some couples who fail to resolve conflicts over a period of years draw the conclusion that they are not compatible and, in fact, are enemies (Chapman, 157). Health of people is directed connected to human activity and his or her relationships with the surrounding people. Consequently, marriage is the main factor that has a direct impact on human life and longevity. It can be explained by the fact that emotions of people cause different feelings such as happiness, grief, etc. These feelings force people to experience different situations during a long period that frequently cause stressful situation in the case of unresolved conflicts in marriage. Stress can provoke different diseases that obviously lowering the duration of human life. Garner (2009) stresses that to attain to a lengthened life, to enjoy ease and tranquility in lifes decline, and immunity from pain, debility, and other forms of suffering, are objects worthy of far more earnest attention than they usually receive. Since we have more accurately investigated the constitution of man, body and mind, the conditions of life, health, disease and death, the nature and relations of things around us, we are able to form more rational aims, and to pursue them with better hopes of success (13-14). Self-assessment of health is deteriorating in every person. However, this deterioration is more rapid in the marriages with dissatisfaction, particularly in old age. Marriage is the most important factor of social contact for human health. The years of tension spend in marriage may slowly undermine the health. Age also affects the activity of the immune system, leaving older people vulnerable to stress. Older people are more likely to have chronic health problems that stress can increase. In addition, older people may attach more importance to marriage, as they lose their other social connections. Chapman (2007) adds that After several months or years of unresolved conflicts, we begin to hear inner voices that say: I know I married that wrong person. How could I have let myself get into such a mess? I cant believe that my mate is so inconsistent. The unresolved conflicts lead us to think that we are incompatible and that our spouses is not really on our side. The unresolved conflicts push us toward making broad generalizations about our spouse and our marriage (Chapman, 158). Prevention of Marital Conflict Constructive of marital conflict resolution primarily depends on the ability of spouses to understand, forgive and concede. There is one of the conditions for ending the family conflict. It is not to seek victory. The victory as the result of a loved defeat can be hardly called an achievement. It is important to respect others despite the level of guilt. It is necessary that the spouse is able to honestly ask himself/herself what he/she is really cared about. It is necessary to dwell separately on such a radical way to resolve marital conflict as divorce. According to psychologists, a process consisting of three stages precedes divorce: a) an emotional divorce, manifested in alienation, indifference of the spouses to each other, the loss of trust and love, and b) the physical separation that leads to separation, c) a legal divorce, which requires legal registration of divorce. Divorce brings freedom from animosity, hate, deceit and everything that prevented from being happy in marriage to the majority of people. A woman, with whom children are usually remained, is the most vulnerable to divorce. She is more than a man, subjected to the neuro-psychiatric disorders. It is important to note that many recommendations for the normalization of the marital relationship and prevention of disputes from escalating into conflicts have been developed. Most of them are summarized as follows: 1. Respect yourself and others. Remember that he (she) is the closest to you. Try not to accumulate errors, wrongs and sins, but immediately respond to them. It will prevent the accumulation of negative emotions. 2. Do not criticize each other in the presence of others (children, friends, guests, etc.). 3. Do not exaggerate your own abilities and dignity; do not consider yourself always right in all. Trust your spouse more and minimize jealousy. Be careful, know how to listen and hear the spouse. Always take care of your physical attractiveness, work over your own weaknesses. Do not generalize even obvious shortcomings of the spouse; lead a conversation only about a specific behavior in specific situations. 4. Treat the hobbies of the spouse with interest and respect. In family life, it is sometimes better not to know the truth, than try to establish the truth. Try to find time to take a rest from each other at least sometimes. This will help removing the emotional and psychological heaviness of communication. In other words, When conflict happens and communication starts to break down, take a break from each other to cool off and think through the issues. There are some ways to resolve the conflict and how you can avoid battling about the same issues again. For example, I need to listen to you more and not read into what youre saying. Ill try to be more patient with you. I wont say harsh or unkind words to you. Get back together and talk. Remember, your goal is to resolve the conflict. Take turns so that you both can speak and both actively listen. Share what you wrote while you were cooling down. You might need to give a little more to compromise, so humility and cooperation are important. Spend time in prayer together to end your discussion (Lewis, 63). It is necessary to keep in mind some key points that can be used in everyday communication that helps to avoid conflict situation in marriage and resolve different cases. Firstly, it is important to talk about everyday affairs every day. In this case, couples learn to trust each other and then they share their problems with each other that creates mutual understanding. Secondly, it is essential to find time for talking; it may be a family meal. Thirdly, it is important to be approachable. It is necessary to empathize and listen to each other. The main suggestion for successful family communication is to be intentional. This means that couples should not avoid conversation with their children, give time and space for it. Communication is not only words; it may be expressed in tone, body language or some actions. Therefore, it is important to listen carefully and try to understand not only words but also feelings behind them. Sometimes, a conversation may be tough. It is better to think about it in advance, prepare possible questions or do something. It is essential to invest in family communication, for instance, by writing a letter, sending a card, or making a phone call that will result in opening a friendly dialogue. It is better to build relationships during good times that will help at bad times. Besides, the knowledge of likes and dislikes of the closest relatives will contribute to successful everyday communication in the family. Conclusion The problem of conflict has always been more or less relevant to any society. Life proves that conflict does not apply to events that can be effectively managed on the basis of life experience and common sense. The issue of family conflicts is worth emphasizing because family is the oldest institution of human interaction, a unique phenomenon. Its uniqueness lies in the fact that several people intimately interact for a long time (tens of years), that is, for the greater part of human life. Disputes, conflicts and crises cannot arise in such a system of intensive interaction as family. Divorce leads to the fact that the society receives an incomplete family, because of which the number of adolescents with divergent behavior is constantly increasing and leading to crime expansion. This creates additional difficulties for the society. Key role in family conflict relations belongs to marital conflict (Pitt-Catsouphes et al. 2006). They arise because of unmet needs of the spouses. Most conflict situations are the crisis periods in the development of the family. Family conflicts have traumatic consequences: a state of total dissatisfaction with the family, family anxiety, neuro-psychological tension and state of guilt. The experts have made recommendations on regulation of marital conflict in order to prevent conflict situation within the family and increase the importance of family in the future. It is necessary to add that Unresolved conflict does not mean that these couples never discuss conflicts. Periodically, they may have long and heated discussions about conflicts. The problem is they never reach a solution. After the heat has intensified to a certain point, they drop the conversation and withdraw from each other, leaving the conflict unresolved. Then when the spouse says something that is emotionally tied to this unresolved conflict, the person will have another defensive response (Chapman, 158). In summing up, the obvious connection between conflict situations in marriage and human life, that is, longevity, is supported by different research studies. People living in the marriages with obvious dissatisfaction because of unresolved conflicts, demonstrate health problems that affects longevity of couples (Amato, 77).

Essay on the Use of Symbols, Tensions, and Irony in The Glass Menagerie

Use of Symbols, Tensions, and Irony in The Glass Menagerie      Ã‚  Ã‚   The Glass Menagerie, by Tennessee Williams, is a perfect example of how Williams incorporates symbols, tensions, and irony to help express the central theme of the play.      Ã‚  Ã‚   One of the most dominant symbols in the play is the fire escape.   It represents something different for each of the characters.   Tom uses the fire escape to escape from his cramped apartment and nagging mother.   Therefore, the fire escape symbolizes a path to the outside world.   For Jim, the gentleman caller, the fire escape represents a means of entering the Wingfield apartment and by doing so, entering the Wingfields' lives.   The mother, Amanda, sees the fire escape as a possible entrance for Jim into the apartment and as an answer to the fear she has of her daughter becoming a spinster.   Lastly, for Laura, the fire escape represents a place she can go to hide from the real world.      Ã‚  Ã‚   The glass menagerie itself is another symbol.   It represents how fragile, sensitive, and unique Laura is.   Laura's prize piece is the unicorn, which Jim bumps into and brakes.   After the unicorn is broken, it is no longer unique.   Just as after Jim kisses Laura and tells her of his engagement to be married, she becomes both heart-broken and a little less unique.   In this area, Jim represents the outside world.   When the unicorn and Laura are exposed to Jim (or the outside world) they break.   By Laura giving Jim the broken unicorn, she is also giving him her broken heart to take with him. She gives him the broken unicorn because it is no longer unique, and to her neither is Jim. Likewise, when Jim leaves, he will also leave behind a little of himself in Laura's broken heart.      Ã‚  Ã‚  ... ...ls Laura that he's engaged.   This confirms that Laura will be unable to fulfill her dream.      Ã‚  Ã‚   It appears that each time a character thinks he or she is moving forward, he or she has the reality of moving backwards.   The characters never give up trying, but still no one can move forward from the Wingfields' world.   Not even Tom can escape, and he has already left.    The Glass Menagerie is indeed a perfect example of how Williams incorporates symbols, tensions, and irony to help express the central theme of the play.    Works Cited and Consulted: Kahn, Sy. Modern American Drama: Essays in Criticism. Edited by Willima E. Taylor. Deland, Florida. Everette/Edwards Inc., 1968. 71-88 Williams, Tennessee. The Glass Menagerie. The Bedford Introduction to Literature: Reading, Writing, Thinking. 5th ed. Ed. Michael Meyer. Boston: Bedford, 1999.

Coleridges Kubla Khan and the Process of Creativity Essay -- Coleridg

Coleridge's Kubla Khan and the Process of Creativity Coleridge's " Kubla Khan" is an extremely enchanting poem which is based around the 'stately pleasure dome' of the emperor, Kubla Khan. Although the poem is set around this pleasure dome, it can be noticed that the poem had profound depth to it. If one is able to understand the hidden symbols and meanings within the poem, it becomes clear that Coleridge's " Kubloa Khan" does not simply describe a pleasure dome, it is also a prolonged metaphore for the process of creativity. From the immediate start of the poem, the reader finds themselves subjected to interprete these hidden symbols. ' In Xanadu did Kubla Khan A stately pleasure dome decree; Where Alph, the sacred river ran' Although this passage seems straight forward, it contains the essential first three symbols of which the entire poem is based upon. ' Xanadu' symbolises the poet's mind, as Xanadu like the mind is the site where all the forecoming events take place. Kubla Khan actually exsisted in real life as the sole ruler of an Asian empire and had an extreme amount of power. This is why perhaps, Coleridge chose Kubla Khan to represent the poet, ( himself). This would not have been an extraordinary choice for Coleridge to make, as he belonged to a group of poets called the Romantics who believed that they could see things clearer and feel emotions and experiences more intensely than other people. Kubla Khan's power over his empire of Xanadu would therefore represent the poet's power and control over his mind. The sacred river, 'Alph' symbolises the poet's imagination. This symbol is exceptionally significant as the poem follows the path of the flowing river and therefore enables the read... ...d off by inspiration. The process is amazingly powerful and both mentally and physically tiring and it's results, like the pleasure dome of Xanadu are remarkable. Coleridge uses many clever techniques such as alliteration, methaphores, onamatapeia, comparisons and hidden symbols to emphasise the impact and intensity of the process of creativity. Coleridge also structures his poem to suit the style of his poem. The first stanza, gives an insight in to what it to come and what can be acheived by the process of creativity and acts as a sort of introduction for the process. The second stanza is extremely detailed and lively and shows the actual process of creativity. The third stanza almost defends Coleridge's work and ends the poem with the message that no-one could ever understand let alone feel the Coleridge's experiences in the way that he can and does.

Human Resource Officers and Managers

Human Resource Officers and Managers play a special role in a company or establishment whether it is a school, bank, factory or a firm. They are the ones who screen the aspiring employees of the company. The Human resource officers are the judges in the company whether an applicant has the qualities fitted for the vacancies in their companies. Nowadays, according to the article I have read, there are many changes that happen in the positions of the employees, their roles and their functions in the group.It noted that the changes undergone by the HR officers are not as grand as the other positions of the company. The changes that have gone with the HR officers may not be that big, but the article stated that the company or corporation, no matter how big or small it is must have at least an HR officer in order to have better communications with their heads regarding business matters. I think HR officers are designed to be the bridge of the heads to its subordinates. The HR officers mus t have the qualities like expertise in the communication strategies, managerial skills and the like.HR Managers are now involved in the planning of the organization, setting marketing preferences and also for conducting leadership trainings and programs that will enhance its members and employers to the fullest regarding their works in the industry. There has been a problem to the increasing cost rate of the benefits for employers. Years after years, the benefits that the employers are receiving are getting more expensive, such as for health services and the like. In the present times, the HR Managers must act on it in order to preserve the budgets and assets of the companies they are in.Since employers already know that there are benefits while they are working, it is wrong to cut or halt the benefits they are receiving. Moreover, they might organize a union that could harm the existence of the company. Therefore, there should be ways in order to prevent such things to happen. Also , it is the duty of the HR Managers to help in the brainstorming of the ways to minimize the harm or should we say remove the harm for the company by the increasing benefits that the employers receive.From the article â€Å"The Chief Human Resource Officer†, it can be said that the demand for high quality human resource officers are really needed. The existence of these kinds of people will contribute to the increasing innovations of the companies in the world and might as well lead the company to new working skills that are essential in the workplace. Another article I have reviewed was from â€Å"America’s Retirement: Voice† says that there really is an increase of the benefits that employers received such that of the health insurance benefits which is 8.6% and the pension plans that are occupying the 4. 6% of the total compensations cost. Thus, the benefits mentioned are only for government employers. It said that the two major benefits received by retiring e mployers already exceeded other benefits that other employers receive such as with the paid sick and vacation leaves, and the other insurances issued for those employers who are not retiring. On the other hand, the private sector’s employers receive more benefits in their health insurances that comprise the 5.9% of their payments and the other one is the Social security contributions that in turn get the 4. 9% of the total compensations. Since these benefits are really high, this is now, according to the article, local government officials tend to observe and give focus on it. I can see that the rise for the benefits for the employees happen because the old workers give higher quality product than the work and product of the younger ones. I remember one of my professor’s sayings that â€Å"Quality is measured by age† which may be true in this aspect.Older people might have gotten so many experiences that they already developed the skills that make them assets of the company. Moreover, the older workers only had the capacity to be of good quality since they have been in the company for years and they experience working in the company with or without the innovations. They are more flexible than the younger ones, so the company will of course give them high recognition and importance. The report says that there was a plan of the private sector employers to control the benefits that the retirees are receiving.Their target year was 2003. They already modified their DB (Defined Benefit) plans in order to cater their employers still the benefits they deserve however in a controlled manner. In figure 5 of the report, the graph shows the decline of the DB plans, which is really big. It was a big decrease of the given benefits and they already achieved something out of their planned controlling of the benefits. I think employees are given the privilege to have check – ups once or twice a year in order to detect whether or not they are still f it for the job.Many are already provided health care opportunities and insurances to avoid much leaves and incapacity for the work. Also, the health care insurances might give the option for the employers and employees to avail of the different supplemental foods that could help strengthen the employers. Indeed, HR managers are assets to a company. Even though from one report, I have read that quality HR members are not that easy to be found, and is a problem of some small businesses, it is really needed to have an HR manager with a star quality.I think one way of managing the rising costs of the benefits employers receive is to select a highly recommended HR Manager who can facilitate the dealings of the problem. An HR manager that will give good strategies to solve the problem is in demand with this kind of situation. References Gaylen N. Chandler. Human Resource Management, TQM, and Firm Performance in Small and Medium-Size Enterprises. Entrepreneurship: Theory and Practice, Vol. 25, 2000. Retrieved 10 December 2007 from http://www. questia. com/googleScholar. qst;jsessionid=HdHXPtqRjpHmJQTb6Qy0HHS1MV14B3nmgqh2dqZ4v7FY26fb8xKP! -1609856024?docId=5002378696 The Chief Human Resource Officer. Retrieved 9 December 2007 from http://www. heidrick. com/NR/rdonlyres/91911795-CDC1-4DDD-A820 A6C88D9058BF/0/HS_TheCHRO. pdf Public Sector Retirement. Retrieved 10 December 2007 from https://www. nrsservicecenter. com/content/media/retail/pdfs/REI_report. pdf – Measuring and Benchmarking Benefits. 2004. Retrieved 10 December 2007 from http://www. google. com/url? sa=t&ct=res&cd=2&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww. iqpc. co. uk%2Fbinary-data%2FIQPC_CONFEVENT%2Fpdf_file%2F4019. pdf&ei=aBldR-2BMYGQgAOk-oC8DA&usg=AFQjCNHX2AxRSau5d9qDHYrSJ1UcaZJW1w&sig2=6a7qJMFG4gHhw4oArdRL4Q

Predestination and Freewill Essay

Predestination does not interrupt free will. Actually the two go hand in hand. Our God is such a loving God that through his divine will he gave us free will. God did not predestine anyone to salvation or damnation. He has the Divine foreknowledge of who will live a righteous life and who will follow the path to damnation. Knowing this, He gave us the option to choose our path in life, therefore, placing our salvation in the decisions that we choose throughout our lives. Christians believeâ€Å"16 For God so loved the world that he gave his one and only Son, that whoever believes in him shall not perish but have eternal life.†1 This is why we are called Christians due to Christ. God gave the ultimate sacrifice so that mankind can choose his own destination. . In my opinion, Christians of, all people, should believe that free will and predestination are not separates entities. The first question that one should ask is what is predestination? Predestination to some is the belief that God, who has sovereignty over all creation, uses His divine foreknowledge to predestine some humans to receive everlasting salvation and some to suffer an eternity of damnation. In comparison, the Christian belief is that God does have foreknowledge but does not use this knowledge to save or condemn –God does not predestine. Therefore, the next question should be â€Å"how does God determine who goes to heaven and who goes to hell?† Well the one true Christian answer is that no one, not even the elect, gets into heaven without Christ. So does Christ choose you or do you choose Christ? A Christian must know Christ prior to choosing Him. There are two categories of theologians that argue how we come in contact with Christ, the monogistic and synergistic view. The bible verse Isaiah 53:1 â€Å"Who has believed our message and to whom has the arm of the Lord been revealed?†2 can be used as an example. The monogistic view is that God reached out his arm to save the people that he foreknowingly knew would choose Christ and predestined them to have eternal salvation. This view of salvation removes humankind’s gift of free will. The other part of humanity, however, would be left to receive eternal suffering. The synergistic view is that God â€Å"offers† His hand out to the true belie ver to save them and in return they have the free will to choose it, accept Christ and receive eternal salvation. The monogistic position defines predestination. The  controversy of predestination started with St Augustine’s interpretation of Apostle Paul’s bible verse Romans 8:29: â€Å"29 For those God foreknew he also predestined to be conformed to the image of his Son, that he might be the firstborn among many brothers and sisters.†3 True Christians interpret this verse believing that when Paul speaks of foreknew, he is referring to God’s divine foreknowledge of sight. Christians believe that God is able to look through the windows of time and foresee those who will use the free will given to walk with him throughout their life. He did not predestine, as in verb form, but he has always known the path of our destination, â€Å"pre† mankind. God would like for all of His children to conform to the image of Christ and become eternal brethren and even though God knew each individual person’s choice, He still gave us the option to choose our path in life. Hence, God placed humanity’s salvation in our own individual hands through the grace free will. Augustine’s interpretation, in contrast, was translated as â€Å"For God knew his own before ever they were, and also ordained that they should be shaped to the likeness of his son, that he might be the eldest among a large family of brothers.†4 This interpretation, accepted by many and also scorned by many, revealed a different God than Paul referred to. Augustine believed God’s foreknowledge and predestination was not centered upon the deeds of humanity. Instead, he believed that God, who has Divine autonomy to do as he pleases, selected his chosen at his discretion and predestined them to eternal salvation. Through this monogistic view, the gift of free will is nonexistent, therefore removing any chance of humanity’s’ ability to save itself from reprobation. Augustine centered this monogstic view on Adam’s fall from grace. Adam’s fall from God’s grace resulted in humanity’s fall as well, thereby removing the gift of free will, leaving humanity totally dependent upon God’s â€Å"merciful grace†. Free will to make righteous choices throughout one’s life is not a consideration. He centers his belief around grace not free will because he believed that none of humanity deserved redeeming and it is only through God’s grace that some are predestined for salvation . Only the elect will receive God’s grace and salvation and no one knows the number or names of the elect but God himself. In other words man does not need any type of religious order, because, according to Augustine, we are to live throughout our lives hoping that we are one of the â€Å"elected† that God decides to â€Å"grace† with exaltation. John Calvin, another theologian, also preached predestination. John Calvin, however, sermonized on double predestination. He stated that â€Å"out of the common multitude of men some should be predestined to salvation, others to destruction.†5 According to Calvin double predestination is when God predestines humanity to salvation and also to damnation. He believes that not only does God predestine the elect to receive his grace and know Christ for an eternity, but he also predestines those he will not allow to know Christ and sentence them to eternal suffering. His deduction for this belief, as was Augustine’s, was Adams fall from grace. Calvin expounds on the belief that God only creates perfection, thereby, Adam created in God’s image, was created perfectly. However, through Adam’s gracious gift of free will, Adam chose unwisely and â€Å"since in Adam all are sinners, deserving of eternal death, it is obvious that nothing but sin will be found in menâ € 6 causing the whole of humanity to suffer the loss of God’s grace. In other words, Calvin’s view is God does not condemn man to damnation; man condemned himself through God’s grace and free will. Calvin believes that humanity does not deserve God’s grace and it is not for us to reason why or how God decides who receives redemption and who reprobation. Therefore, to answer the questions afore mentioned, God does not determine who will receive salvation or damnation: we do. God does not autonomously destine a chosen few elect to know and love Christ because in 1 Timothy 2:4 it is written that God † desires all men to be saved and to come to the knowledge of the truth.†7 He gave us free will to live our lives as we please. God reaches out his hand to every soul on earth but it is ultimately our choice to reach out and grab it. Through God’s merciful grace of free will, he has foreknowingly placed us in charge of our own destiny. WORKS CITED http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=John%203:16&version=NIV 1 http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Isaiah+53%3A1-12&version=NIV 2 Preaching, predestination by Mathis Lamberigts page 6783, 4, Institutes of the Christian Religion Book III by John Calvin Chapter XXI page 9215 Commentaries Election and Predestination by John Calvin page 2546 http://www.monergism.com/thethreshold/articles/onsite/whatismonergism2.html http://biblehub.com/1_timothy/2-4.htm7

Manage Continous Organisational Improvement Essay

Abstract The sector of healthcare is vital for living that no one may deny. The advancement of technology has been a blessing in disguise for human health. Times are gone when people used to wait in long queues to get attention from the doctors and paramedical staff. The governments of the world were also responsible to not properly utilising the healthcare setup. In many parts of the world, it was still deemed as forbidden until the advent of 21st Century. Manage Continuous Organisational Improvement INTRODUCTION The sector of healthcare is vital for living that no one may deny. The advancement of technology has been a blessing in disguise for human health. Times are gone when people used to wait in long queues to get attention from  the doctors and paramedical staff. The governments of the world were also responsible to not properly utilising the healthcare setup. In many parts of the world, it was still deemed as forbidden until the advent of 21st Century (Alison; 2012). DISCUSSION Change management is something everyone thrives upon be it a business or medical science. For effective progress in any field of study, what matters the most is a well laid out and proper action plan. For example in business arena, gaining momentum is important in terms of financial aspects. For it one who is interested in business must be familiar with implementing a business plan to the suitable effect. The first and the foremost aspect is how much investment would be required for the project to be undertaken. Every country encourages ideas and the best way to be known for this purpose is to bring out something creative. In any aspect of profession, planning plays a vital role as well as management. In all most all the line of work, there is need for budgeting, staffing along with other strategizing options. In the context of globalization and global economy, change management becomes evident when we find that companies are overlooking the global parameters of a business where change is constant. In the context of this change, outsourcing is global strategic alliance that fosters a winning international strategy. The implementation of the policy of health is a complex topic that incorporates conceptual models. It is all about the guiding principles, rules, and regulations that lead to operational strategies. There are several one must be familiar with in order to accomplish explicit healthcare policy. To understand it, the cognition with health policy or governmental law is important. These also comprise of process of funding along with decisions taken at decentralised or national level. These widely effect upon how to deliver such services (Alison; 2012). The contemporary healthcare concept incorporates people from various fields related to medical technology including surgical equipment and medications. Access to evidence from medical and health research as well as latest information is also included within. The area of healthcare is notably one of the few areas which is blessed by heavy spending of the governments and the individuals alike. Alternatively the individual with less income is forced to pay a higher co pay and deductible for a lesser amount of coverage (Alison; 2012). SCENARIO You have recently taken on the role of change manager in an organisation. The organisation has decided to introduce the concept of continuous organisational improvement and you have been asked to lead this development. Before embarking on this work you decide that it is necessary for you to complete some detailed thinking in a number of key areas. In carrying out this assignment you should either use an organisation you have or currently work for. You must know this organisation well at a strategic level. Alternatively you should use the case study material provided. Firstly you need to give careful consideration of how a culture of continuous organisational improvement will be created. The process of change is inevitable in every organisation and NHS is no different. Mr. Regal has been appointed as a new Change Manager for NHS and is a dedicated individual who knows how to run things for the benefit of the organisation. He has been working in many prestigious organisations and thus he is also familiar with psychology of team working alongside him. Mr. Regal knows that all employees of NHS will need his active support to get the job done. For this purpose, involvement of staff and planning at early stage are a key to sure success to bring the process of change. It must also be noted that the policies to bring change must not oppose organisational policies such as redundancy, reorganisation and redeployment (Elizabeth; 2012). Before progressing any further, it is important that people within NHS must have idea of what change is all about. There are many types of changes including the ones instigated from ideas within NHS whereas some come from beyond the organisation. Other ideas include temporary and permanent ones all working for benefit of the organisation (Elizabeth; 2012). Since NHS is a complicated organisation thus many changes within are not clearly defined. In a typical organisational change model, new ways of working, unfamiliar team structures, processes and procedure are encompassed. Speaking individually, changes made at staff level can bring out pessimism, optimism, motivation, energy, enthusiasm and excitement to fear, anxiety, challenge, resistance, ambiguity and dread on various  instances. The fear within the staff is due to the concerns over new management and workload as well as job security and pensions. Thus various emotions can come into play and leads to distraction from development and provision of service. The staffs of NHS are ready to deal with anxiety which may be due to anticipating change. Surely, it will take Mr. Regal to get to know about the employees and the old standards that have been the hall mark of success for NHS. However, these techniques of the past won’t last long and thus change in the system is mandatory. Thus it is important to introduce such techniques that are part and parcel of modern day mechanism (Gallouj & Djellal; 2011). Mr. Regal knows what is the main reason of downfall of organizations i.e. those who are not willing to manage or identify change in human components. He has been performing his services as a freelance consultant for last 10 years. He suggests that the involvement of the individuals working within the organisation is necessary so that the way of thinking and behaviour may be altered. Now this may seem to be easier said than done as it requires thorough practice, time and motivation. The change in behaviour may not be easily measurable or achievable since the elements of humans are unable to get attention they require. As a line manager, it is the duty of Mr. Regal to lead from the front to identify and manage such human elements. NHS must also bear in mind that the change of initiatives must not go beyond the desired capacity. If it happens, the key resources required may turn uncontrollable. The extra workload must be shared by senior support and managers according to the resources and plan of action (Gallouj & Djellal; 2011). Before starting anything, what matters the most is planning same is with organisational change. It is never easy for people to accept what comes within that change process. They find it difficult to adjust or absorb to change and also for the management, it is not an easy task. They may have to face various reactions to it including temporary reductions in performance measurements and activity. For this purpose, a proper timetable must be provided which may give the employees enough time to get ready. This may also produce the impact desired by Mr. Regal and the new management of NHS (Karen, Jean & Gretl; 2012). CLARIFICATION/RATIONALE The second step is to what the outcomes of it may be the Clarification/Rationale. For this, it is important that the management is familiar with measurable outcomes. Mr. Regal and his team managing all must have a comprehensive vision that may lead NHS to new developments. The staff may get affected by the change being implemented. COMMUNICATION & INVOLVEMENT Mr. Regal knows that in order to have proper implementation of plans, the doctors, nurses as well as other workers in NHS must have confidence. For this purpose, it is necessary that they must have recognition of benefits and responsibilities, acceptance, understanding, will, interest, and  awareness. This could only be achieved if proper strategy regarding effective communication and involvement is drawn (Karen, Jean & Gretl; 2012). It is important that all the stake holders of NHS must be taken in confidence before the implementation of policy. The communication between the both parties is vital to reach a break through. Ineffective communication may result in difference of opinion. Thus by implementing proper communication skills, effective involvement can be ensured. RISK ASSESSMENT Mr. Regal suggests that implementing the process of change within NHS may be easier said than done provided that proper planning is implemented. Nevertheless with a process of change also comes the feeling of fear from within such as negative reactions, doubt, change in working and location. This is something that must be assessed at the earliest and must be done by a competent team. They are the individual who look to safeguard the interests of working groups specially the vulnerable people who may get impacted by the change. For this purpose, an implementation plan must be designed according to the time frame of change (Karen, Jean & Gretl; 2012). MONITORING Monitoring within the organisation is necessary to know about the activities the employees are engaged in. This also depends on what type of change is being implemented within the organisation. In many organisations the best way to get feedback is to make use of various perspectives. The best form of monitoring can be done on the basis of complaints, facts, reports, opinion, outputs, behaviour and levels of error. It is not necessary for techniques of monitoring to be elaborate but they must be appropriate and timely. Despite of its effectiveness, it may be considered as violation of privacy matters of the employees. Many organisations make use of various tools including the audio monitors and cameras. The employees too may enjoy various benefits of monitoring  including the safety measures. Many organisations including the hospitals and banks make use of close circuit television systems (CCTV) to monitor for safety. ORGANIZATIONAL LEARNING Mr. Regal is of opinion that NHS must implement organisational learning which facilitates room for improvement. He explains that only those organisations that are willing to learn from their mistakes and ready to transform succeed. This phase of learning may not necessarily be a beneficial one. There might be a possibility that any individual within NHS may learn but not share with his team mates. Similarly, the subordinates in NHS may not be share the information learnt due to its policies. In order for NHS to become a learning organisation, it is important that it is ready to change, learn and adapt. In today’s competitive marketplace, an organisation maintaining its position in rapid changing environment is a tough ask. Everyday constant developments are being made thus providing corporations to transform into learning organisation. Mr. Regal believes that NHS has a capability to provide platform for learning. This may be stored in the minds of the people as well as the organisational memory in form of written documents, policies and procedures. If NHS successfully transforms itself as a learning organisation, it may widen the prospects by creating practices (Neil, & Jo; 2013). In order for NHS to prosper according to the modern phenomenon of change, it is important that it must learn from experience directly as well as others. The organisation may directly learn from experience by working on procedures of incremental refinement. Mr. Regal explains that it is natural for an organisation like NHS to be faced with number of obstacles including the lack of learning orientation. This is one of the most important of all the barriers in any organisation. These may be further classified into three types environmental, individual/group and organisational. In order for NHS to progress, the  people within the working group must have an active mind. The barriers of learning within an organisation include management practices and corporate culture. Besides that concern from external stake holder, industries, and public policy results in external barriers. EMBEDDING ORGANIZATIONAL CHANGE Mr. Regal suggests that NHS must act according to the standards of modern day organisation. Like others, it must introduce initiatives of change regularly perhaps on multiple levels too. Mr. Regal emphasises that proper process of research needs to be implemented on total quality management. This in turn will build cultures of compliance and health. As an organisation NHS has always worked on phenomenon of high quality care for all. Today, many leading organisations throughout the world are focusing on system of the organisation and system health at the same time. These are linked with a promise that quality work today may pave way for tomorrow’s high-quality work. The hallmark of a healthy organisation is that they embed culture promoting engagement, trust and openness. They achieve it on the basis of learning and improvement process. In almost all the organisations, there are often contradictory aspects hidden. In NHS, the priority is the measurement of higher outcomes such as population health. The founding principle of NHS has always been high quality care for all (HQCfA). The main point of focus is how this may be achieved emphatically. For this purpose the priority of work is done is patient and population which is deemed as weakest link. WHAT IS QUALITY IMPROVEMENT? Quality improvement is something that every organisation must thrive upon. There are various approaches and definitions and may be more fruitful than the other one. In medical practice, the purpose of quality improvement is to look for ways to provide better services and care. Mr. Regal says that change management may only be effective if the team performs as a single  unit. Quality Improvement is a team process at its core. When the circumstances are right the team perform according to different perspectives, knowledge, skills and experience. This helps in bringing out improvements that last long and is beneficial for the entire team as one unit. In order for the program to be successful, it is important that the top leadership as well as the employee support the process of change. Both qualitative and quantitative methods are employed for the process of Quality Improvement. This helps for improvement of safety, effectiveness and efficiency. NHS has always thrived on leadership and engagement for improvement. Every organisation has a room for improvement in one way or another. Same is with NHS as assessed by Mr. Regal along with his management team. As a matter of fact changes needed in NHS include changes made on a drastic level. Change management is a process of transition from current to new mode. It is important for the individuals to be ready for the change. The first and the foremost step, is focusing on the ability of leadership. Mr. Regal must act as a role model for other employees within NHS to follow. He must set an example that becomes cornerstone of the organisation. He must implement rules and regulations that maybe followed in the long run. As a leader, he must avoid using thought process that creates separation in form of perks. Mr. Regal knows that talking to people working in the organisation on policy matter will restore their trust on him. Also he may be able to know about the problems faced by the employees and solve them individually. Two other aspects that matters the most are passion and genuineness. IDENTIFIES AREAS FOR IMPROVEMENT In order to bring change within NHS, each working group must know what role they need to play. They must realise importance of their role in the process and consider it as a historical one. As a supreme command, it is the duty of Mr. Regal to communicate with each and everyone involved in the process. Those who have concerns regarding the change need to be addressed at the earliest. In order to bring down frustration, Mr. Regal must keep in mind the six phases that reflect the reaction of the people affected by the change. IMPACT OF THE PROPOSED CHANGES ANTICIPATION: Many of the employees are anxious what the change may be and how will have an impact on them. Such employees are unable to know what it has for or against them and don’t know what to expect. CONFRONTATION: This is the stage where people discover that something good or bad is going to happen. Many times they are able to figure out that the plan of change has already been initiated. REALIZATION: The third phase is of realisation where the impact of the change is in front of the people. The results will always be different as realised by the people. DEPRESSION: Besides being intellectual people begin to know the outcome of the change that makes them emotional. They begin to mourn on the past but can’t do anything about it leading to stress and depression. ACCEPTANCE: In this phase, people begin to acknowledge the process of change both emotionally and intellectually. In any organisational setup, people at first have some reservation but seeing the benefits may change their opinion. Nevertheless, there is no reassurance to it. ENLIGHTENMENT: In this last phase, people begin to wonder how they were able to manage the old ways while this change has turned out to be more fruitful to them. EVALUATION OF THE PROPOSED CHANGES TO THE ORGANISATIONAL ACTIVITIES Bringing change management and to make it work effectively is not a piece of cake for anyone. A consultant like Mr. Regal too will require time to convince employees working within NHS. For this purpose, it is important that why to bring out the best service from the organisation the world has ever seen. It is important that the management and the staff both support one another for the accomplishment of the goals desired. As a unit both of the organisation stake holders need to understand the importance of the decision. The plan is to make NHS sustainable and best value organisation for the benefit of the people. This model of Change in NHS vows for the improvement collectively in terms of experience and knowledge. This process may also take into account former employees of NHS who had a history of quality services within the organisation. Since its birth, the organisation of NHS has worked for the benefit of humanity. Today it stands tall as the largest organisation of Europe dedicated to provide detailed healthcare services at minimal or low rate. Mr. Regal hopes with his new change policy, the organisation may become the largest healthcare organisation in the entire world. However, for that purpose, proper mechanism of work needs to be planned. The day when NHS was born, it comprised of more or less 14 regional hospital boards. Today it is also known to be the extensive employer of the nation (Nigel; 2011). CHANGES REQUIRED INTRODUCING IMPROVEMENTS TO THE ORGANISATIONAL ACTIVITIES NHS may benefit a lot from change process by introducing improvements to the activities of the organisation. In aiming for continuous improvement, NHS must market what they work for i.e. healthcare services. Mr. Regal emphasises that proper planning leads all the way to success for organisations initiating change. Despite this change process being beneficial to the organisation like NHS,  but there are certain things that may turn against if the management isn’t prepared. These challenges may be because of not creating ample room for improvements, slower adoption, work surroundings, resistance and ultimately not creating the necessary improvements for the organization. If in future NHS further aims to make itself better by bringing in new concepts, they must know how to manage and operate it effectively (Nigel; 2011). To begin with changes need to be done must be planned first but implemented gradually. This may help in bringing helpful change to one and all. The employees must be taken into confidence for the implementation of policy and thus building awareness is important. Inform the employees, inviting them to be the part of change process. Make an announcement and publish it via intranet besides informing the employees by meeting them. It is also important to mention the date and time of the process to take effect. Involve in all the employees of the company so that documentation; scheduling or minutes of meeting can be carried out (Nigel; 2011). It is important to satisfy the employees that the change that is going to happen is for betterment of the organisation. Those who have questions or concerns related to it need to be satisfied. The employees are mainly concerned with how the policy change may affect them. For this purpose, it is important for Mr. Regal to remain calm and patient and address the situation effectively. In order for the assistance of the employees, he must provide documentation for the changes going to happen within NHS. Write step by step instructions things required for the completion of expected process. To help out the employees of NHS, he must offer practice and training programs so that they may learn about the new procedures. It is not necessary to implement changes overnight; it may require slow but progressive steps towards the change. The best way is to make changes one at a time. It may help the employees to learn about new procedures before moving to next step. Feedback from the staff involved is also important as comments, suggestions, ideas or concerns may help to move to the next  milestone. This may also help the employees getting closer to Mr. Regal and they may understand process in far better way. Also it is his responsibility what employees have to say about the possible changes in the procedure. Do appreciate where credit is due when any employee comes up with suitable alternative or suggestion. Mr. Regal must be open to all the employees of NHS and thus answer any questions that emerge in their minds. In case of success motivate employees by giving them appreciation through barbecues or pizza parties. This helps to bridge the gap between the management and the employees. The engagement of variety of people such as user groups, as clinicians, administrative staff and patients is also helpful for the improvement of the services. This way conflicts within an organisation may also be avoided. AGREE AND COMMUNICATE THE PROPOSED CHANGES WITH STAKEHOLDERS Before approaching the stake holders Mr. Regal and team has to go through thorough research. The best way of it is to accompany with the group of experts having good networks. Their role will be to conduct brain storming sessions to the people and groups associated. Make a list of the changes associated with NHS and record it on laptop or flipchart. On finalising the names in the list, then the stakeholders must be arranged according to affect, power and influence. There are 9Cs in healthcare service are Competitors, Commissioners, Customers, Collaborators, Contributors, Channels, Commentators, Consumers, and Champions. CONCLUSION Change management is essential part of business and so do healthcare industry. Both of them rely upon the use of technology, organisational structure, management systems and processes. A hierarchy of organisation includes the bureaucratic processes and chain of command. For this purpose approval with the management is considered mandatory. Thus the roles of employees and leaders are well defined one has to obey the order while the  other has to command. References Alison, Hann; (2012); Health Policy and Politics; Ashgate Publishing, Ltd; ISBN: 140949120X, 9781409491200; pp 150-151. Elizabeth, McCormick; (2012); Change for the Better: Self-Help through Practical Psychotherapy; SAGE; ISBN: 144626808X, 9781446268087; pp 300-301. Gallouj & Djellal; (2011); The Handbook of Innovation and Services: A Multi-disciplinary Perspective; Elgar Original Reference Series; Edward Elgar Publishing; ISBN: 1849803307, 9781849803304; 750-751. Karen, Luker, Jean, Orr & Gretl, A. McHugh; (2012); Health Visiting: A Rediscovery; John Wiley & Sons; ISBN: 1444335812, 9781444335811; pp 230-231. Neil, Gopee & Jo, Galloway; (2013); Leadership and Management in Healthcare; SAGE; ISBN: 1446294862, 9781446294864; pp 250-251. Nigel, Crisp; (2011); 24 Hours to Save the NHS: The Chief Executive’s Account of Reform 2000 to 2006; Oxford University Press; ISBN: 0199639957, 9780199639953; pp 200-201.

Surah Fatiha

Surah Fatiha is the first surah of the quran. This surah is also called†The Mother of the Quran†. Surah Fatiha is considered as a summarized surah of the Quran. We recite Surah Fatiha 17times a day in our 5 time prayers.† When the Prophet Muhammad ? said to a companion that he would teach him the greatest chapter in the Quran, he recited Surah Al Fatihah† The Prophet Muhammad ? said that â€Å"Whoever does not recite Surah Al Fatihah in his prayer, his prayer is invalid†. This Surah is a condition for the effectiveness of the prayer. It is the Makki Surah of the Holy Quran, which means that it was revealed on the Prophet Muhammad(PBUH) while He was in Makkah. It was initially the 5th chapter to be disclosed but after Furqan e Hameed was assembled together, it was put at the beginning.Surah Al-Fatiha itself means â€Å"The Opening† as this chapter comes right at the start of the Holy Book. Moreover, it also serves as the starting of Salah. It also has the honor of being the very first Surah that is made known completely. Although it consists of 7 Ayats only, but it still explains the Veneration of the Almighty in a very comprehensive fashion and also is a great means of supplication of asking Allah for keeping one on the right path.Virtues of Surah FatihaThere are many virtues associated with this Surah. Hazrat Abu Saeed al-Khudri narrates: â€Å"While on a journey we halted at a place. A girl came to us and said: â€Å"The chief of this tribe has been stung by a scorpion and our men are not present, is there anybody amongst you who can recite something upon him to treat him?† Then, one of our men went along with her although we did not think that he knew any such treatment. However, our friend went to the chief and recited something upon him and the chief was cured. Thereupon, the chief gave him thirty sheep and gave us all milk to drink. When he returned, we asked our friend: â€Å"Did you know anything to recite upon him to cure him?† He said: â€Å"No, I only recited Umm al-Kitab (i.e. Surah al-Fatiha) upon him.† We said that do not do anything until we reach Madinah and ask the Prophet regarding this (practice and rewardwhether the sheep were lawful or not for us). Upon reaching Madinah, we narrated this to the Prophet (PBUH), whereupon he remarked: â€Å"How did he come to know that Al-Fatiha can be used as a cure? (PBUH) Distribute your reward amongst yourselves and a lot a share for me as well†.† (Sahih Bukhari)Theme of Surah FatihaThe essence of the Quran is Surah Fatiha. Surah fatiha is paired surah. It can be recited alone but you cannot start reciting other surah before Surah Fatiha, we must have to recite Surah Fatiha and then the other Surah of the Quran. Prophet Muhammad(PBUH) said† The greatest i can recite is Surah Fatiha. This surah has a mind boogling tafseer and its impact on human life is great. This is the only surah on which Allah Himself commented, there is no other surah than this on which Alllah commented. Surah Fatiha starts with the praise of Allah and ends with a dua that Allah guide us the path on which your mercy is bestowed not the opposite of this. Brief Tafseer of Surah Fatiha1)In the Name of Allah The first ayah of Surah Fatiha is: In the name of Allah, the Beneficent, the Most Merciful. (Al-Fatiha:This phrase is known as the bismillah. It is good to recite it before doing any action.Surah Fatiha is the surah which makes every muslim wheather he is Aalim(Scholar), or Jahil, man or woman to accept that they dont to how to live life.If you accept that you know nothing than Surah Fatiha is the guidance surah, which shows how to live a perfect life, which path to follow and who to obey.All Praise is due to Allah The second ayah is: All praise be to Allah, the Lord of all the worlds. (Al-Fatiha: 2)The Meaning of Hamd and the Difference between Hamd and Shukr Hamd means praise and also thankfulness. The scholars differed as to the relation between the words hamd and shukr. Some said that they both have the same meaning. So, the meaning of hamd, in their view, is the same as shukr (thankfulness, gratitude). Hamd is something which must be done with love and reverence, but shukr does not need this. Shukr is done in response to a favour which is done to a person but hamd is done simply because the one being praised and thanked is worthy of that. â€Å"Whatever is created in between land and sky is created for a mean but non-muslim dont understand and deny the existence of Allah. If we ponder in the universe we see the huge and perfectly creation of everything so we came to conclusion that who created perfect design of a universe must be a perfect creator and surely these people are the best who know their God. The word Rab which means master of the master in terms of having full knowledge of each and everything.The Beneficent, The Most Merciful The third ayah is: The Beneficent, The Most Merciful. (Al-Fatih: 3)We see that these two words are already mentioned above and now they are mentioned again. The previous ayah mentioned that Allah is the Rab of the mankind. So again in this ayah it says the Ar-rehman and Raheem which means Allah being the Rab of the Mankind is all part of mercy for us, Allah is one who loves humans 70times more than a mother's love.Master of the Day of Reward The fourth ayah is: The Only Owner of the Day of Recompense. (Al-Fatiha: 4)Malik which means king, the dominion of a person. In this ayah we clearly see that Allah is the lord of the mankind. At the day of judgement when all mankind will be gathered and each person will be either rewarded or punished on their deeds. We see that Allah is the one who will have absolute power on the day of judgment and no other creation will hold such power to resist the enforcement of punishments that He decrees or to prevent anyone from receiving the rewards that He decides to confer.You (Alone) We Worship The fifth ayah is: You (alone) we worship and You (alone) we ask for help. (Al-Fatiha: 5)This is the middle of the surah and the shift of the surah. At this point there is a great shift in the surah. In previous 3 ayah we already praised Allah. Allah says this ayah is now between Me and my worshipper, I will give my worshipper whatever he/she asks for. â€Å"We worship† means we obey. Worship is obedience and self-abasement. It means to humble yourself before Allah (SWT) and to submit to His Will. Outwardly it is self-abasement, but in reality, it is glory and beautification. The ayah affirms the Lordship of Allah and affirms that worship is due to Him. â€Å"Iyyaaka nasta'een† means we seek help, support and success. Usually, in most sentences the verb comes first and then the object; but in this ayah the object of the verb is mentioned first and then the verb. So why is this? It is in order to attach importance to it, to Allah (SWT). It also refers the status of the slave and his worship which is lower so it will come after mentioning the Lord, Allah (SWT).Guide us on the Straight Path The sixth ayah is: Guide us on the Straight Path. (Al-Fatiha: 6)In previous ayah as Allah mentioned that whatever my worshipper will ask I will give him. So whats better than to ask Allah to guide us the straigth path, guide us the path which will benefit us in this world and in the hereafter. For example in normal life when we visit some new often we often need someone to guide us to the destination so we ask someone and he illustrates us the directions. But in this ayah we ask Allah to hold our hands and guide us the path like hold our hands and take us the right place we are looking for. The word seerat means road or a path. But whats the difference between seerat and tareeq or sabeel? Seerat is a road on which we go and get our goals, it is the shortest road with great space for everyone to join. The word Mustaqeem also means straight path, which emphasis the straightness of the path. It means to remain firm and stand without tilting. We should avoid to fall and follow the wrong path.The Path of Those†¦ The seventh and final ayah is: The path of those you have blessed, not of those with anger on them, nor of those who are astray. (Al-Fatiha: 7)As it is mentioned in the previous ayah that guide us the straight path, so there must be a choice of a path which we want Allah to guide us, which path is that? It is the path on which Allah has granted his blessed but not his anger. Whosoever obeys Allah, and the Messenger, they are with those whom Allah has favored, the Prophets, the sincere, the martyrs and the righteous, and these are the best company. (Al-Nisa': 69)So, the favored and blessed people are the Prophets, the righteous, the martyrs and the pious. And who are the people with anger on them and those who are astray? This is explained by the Prophet. ‘Adi ibn Hatim (RA) asked him about those with anger on them and he replied that it refers to the Jews. He then asked him about those who are astray and he replied that it refers to the Christians. This is reported by al-Tirmidhi and is authentic